About this tree
In the courtyard behind the Iron Library stand two impressive specimens of Ilex aquifolium, commonly known as holly, common holly, English holly, or European holly. This evergreen shrub or small tree is native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia. While it typically reaches a height of only 2–3 m tall, it can exceed 15 m and live for up to 300 years. The plant is dioecious, with female trees producing bright red berries that persist through winter. Its glossy, dark green leaves have sharp spines along the edges to deter browsing animals. The two trees at the Klostergut are male. Holly has a long tradition of cultural significance. In pre-Christian Europe, it was associated with protection and winter fertility, and was brought indoors during midwinter festivals. Early Christians adopted it as a Christmas symbol, the prickly leaves said to represent Christ’s crown of thorns and the red berries his blood. Holly remains a key decorative plant at Christmas and in winter folklore and is widely cultivated in gardens. The berries are toxic to humans but a source of nutrition for birds.